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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Review Article

Sustainable approaches to plastic waste: A comprehensive review on biodegradation technologies

Arokiaraj A, Swathi T, Senthilkumar G P, Arockiasamy Selvanayagam and Sujitha K

Year : 2025 | Pages: 108-112

doi: https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2025.v10.i06.SP025

Received on: 18/09/2025

Revised on: 17/10/2025

Accepted on: 25/10/2025

Published on: 15/11/2025

  • Arokiaraj A, Swathi T, Senthilkumar G P, Arockiasamy Selvanayagam and Sujitha K( 2025).

    Sustainable approaches to plastic waste: A comprehensive review on biodegradation technologies

    . International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 10( 6), 108-112.

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Abstract

The rapid accumulation of plastic waste has become one of the most pressing global environmental challenges, posing significant threats to ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. Traditional disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration are increasingly unsustainable due to their ecological and economic drawbacks. Consequently, the development of biodegradation technologies has emerged as a promising and eco-friendly alternative for managing plastic waste. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms, microbial agents, and enzymatic processes involved in plastic biodegradation. It highlights the roles of bacteria, fungi, and algae in decomposing various plastics, including polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Recent advances in genetic engineering, enzyme optimization, and biotechnological innovations for enhanced degradation efficiency are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper examines the challenges in scaling up biodegradation technologies and integrating them with existing waste management systems. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research, sustainable policy frameworks, and public awareness to accelerate the transition toward a circular bioeconomy and minimize plastic pollution.

Keywords

Plastic biodegradation, Microbial degradation, Sustainable waste management, Enzyme technology.

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    © The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.