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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Research Article

Regenerative endodontics in immature permanent teeth: Clinical protocols, outcomes, and future directions

Shahul Shajith R, Shobana Krishnakumar, Mohamed Simal and Vijay Venkatesh K

Year : 2025 | Volume: 10 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 65-71

doi: https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2025.v10.i06.008

Received on: 24/08/2025

Revised on: 01/09/2025

Accepted on: 21/10/2025

Published on: 01/11/2025

  • Shahul Shajith R, Shobana Krishnakumar, Mohamed Simal and Vijay Venkatesh K( 2025).

    Regenerative endodontics in immature permanent teeth: Clinical protocols, outcomes, and future directions

    . International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 10( 6), 65-71.

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Abstract

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have revolutionized the management of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps, representing a paradigm shift from traditional apexification techniques toward biologically driven regeneration. By integrating the triad of stem cells, scaffolds, and signalling molecules, REPs not only promote periapical healing but also allow continued root maturation and functional pulp-dentin regeneration. Despite encouraging clinical outcomes, variations in clinical protocols remain due to their empirical origins and evolving evidence. This review consolidates the biological foundation of REPs, case selection criteria, and current clinical approaches, while also comparing scaffold strategies and intracanal medicaments. Furthermore, it highlights reported success rates and explores future perspectives, including stem cell therapy, gene therapy, novel biomaterials, and 3D bioprinting, that may enhance predictability and long-term outcomes in regenerative endodontics.

Keywords

Regenerative Endodontics, Immature Teeth, Stem Cells, Clinical Protocols, Scaffolds, Tissue Engineering.

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    © The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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