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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Review Article
Nano-biofertilizers as next-generation nutrient delivery systems for sustainable and climate-smart agriculture: A comprehensive review
Jayshri Yuvaraj Jadhav
Year : 2026 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 314-317
Received on: 19/11/2025
Revised on: 29/12/2025
Accepted on: 17/01/2026
Published on: 31/01/2026
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Jayshri Yuvaraj Jadhav( 2026).
Nano-biofertilizers as next-generation nutrient delivery systems for sustainable and climate-smart agriculture: A comprehensive review
. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 11( 1), 314-317.
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Abstract
Nano-biofertilizers represent a cutting-edge innovation at the convergence of nanotechnology and biological nutrient management, offering a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional agrochemical fertilizers. These advanced formulations combine beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, and plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria with nanoscale nutrient carriers to enhance the precision, efficiency, and sustainability of crop nutrition. In contrast to traditional fertilizers, which often experience significant nutrient losses through leaching, volatilization, and runoff, nano-biofertilizers are designed to deliver nutrients in a controlled and targeted manner, thereby substantially improving nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and reducing environmental contamination. Recent research (2023–2025) highlights the effectiveness of nanocarrier systems derived from chitosan, alginate, silica, and biodegradable polymers in encapsulating nutrients and microbial inoculants. These systems protect bioactive components from adverse soil conditions and enable their gradual release in alignment with plant nutrient demand. Such controlled delivery enhances nutrient uptake while fostering a stable and biologically active rhizosphere. The synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and microbial consortia has been shown to improve plant physiological performance, including enhanced root development, increased chlorophyll content, elevated enzymatic activity, and greater tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiency. From a sustainability standpoint, nano-biofertilizers reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigate nutrient pollution in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Their application aligns with climate-smart and precision agriculture strategies by supporting site-specific and dose-efficient nutrient management. Although promising, challenges related to large-scale production, regulatory frameworks, long-term ecological impacts, and economic feasibility remain. Addressing these issues will be crucial for the widespread adoption of nano-biofertilizers as a transformative solution for sustainable agriculture and global food security.
Keywords
Nano-biofertilizers, Nanocarriers, Nutrient use efficiency, Sustainable agriculture, Pollution.
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© The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
