Archives
International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Review Article
MRSA: Molecular mechanisms of resistance and future directions in antimicrobial therapy
Sujitha K, Swathi T, Sowmiya B, Ruby G and Subha C
Year : 2025 | Pages: 49-52
Received on: 07/09/2025
Revised on: 17/10/2025
Accepted on: 24/10/2025
Published on: 10/11/2025
-
Sujitha K, Swathi T, Sowmiya B, Ruby G and Subha C( 2025).
MRSA: Molecular mechanisms of resistance and future directions in antimicrobial therapy
. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 10( 6), 49-52.
-
click to view the cite format
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains one of the most formidable pathogens in both healthcare and community settings due to its remarkable adaptability and resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. The emergence of MRSA strains resistant to β-lactams and other conventional antimicrobials has led to persistent challenges in clinical management and infection control. This review comprehensively explores the molecular mechanisms underlying methicillin resistance, focusing on the roles of the mecA gene, altered penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), and accessory genetic elements such as the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec). In addition, it highlights the contribution of efflux pumps, biofilm formation, and horizontal gene transfer in the evolution and persistence of resistant phenotypes. Recent advances in genomic studies, alternative therapeutic strategies—including bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and nanotechnology-based interventions—are critically discussed. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for the development of next-generation antimicrobials and for designing effective infection control strategies to curb the global MRSA threat.
Keywords
MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotic resistance, mecA gene, β -lactamase, SCCmec.
-
Full Article PDF (
12)
- View HTML Article
Copy Rights
© The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
