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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Research Article
Evaluation of anti-hyperlipidemic and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of Terminalia bellerica in high-fat diet-induced obese mice using rota-rod and activity wheel models
Eswar Tony D, Ram Sai Kumar A, Ch. Avinash Chowdary, Koti Venkata Sai Kiran D, Md. Althaf Hussain, Siva Pradeep R, Dhanunjaya Reddy U, Phanindra V
Year : 2026 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 159-166
Received on: 23/10/2025
Revised on: 29/11/2025
Accepted on: 22/12/2025
Published on: 01/01/2026
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Eswar Tony D, Ram Sai Kumar A, Ch. Avinash Chowdary, Koti Venkata Sai Kiran D, Md. Althaf Hussain, Siva Pradeep R, Dhanunjaya Reddy U, Phanindra V( 2026).
Evaluation of anti-hyperlipidemic and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of Terminalia bellerica in high-fat diet-induced obese mice using rota-rod and activity wheel models
. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 11( 1), 159-166.
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Abstract
Skeletal muscles are vital for movement, posture, and metabolic balance. Obesity and hyperlipidemia compromise these functions, resulting in muscular stiffness, reduced coordination, and metabolic dysregulation. While conventional drugs manage these conditions, natural alternatives like Terminalia bellerica offer promising lipid-lowering and muscle-enhancing potential. To evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemic and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of Terminalia bellerica in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice using Rota-rod and activity wheel models. Male mice (14–25 g) were divided into five groups (n = 6): Control, HFD, HFD + Simvastatin (10 mg/kg), HFD + T. bellerica (100 mg/kg), and HFD + T. bellerica (200 mg/kg). Obesity was induced with a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of treatment along with physical activity through Rota-rod and activity wheel exercises. Body weight and motor performance were evaluated weekly. HFD-fed mice showed a marked increase in body weight (+56.7%, p < 0.01) and a significant decline in Rota-rod retention time (61.5 ± 3.9 sec) and activity wheel performance (68 ± 5.8 revolutions). Treatment with T. bellerica at 100 and 200 mg/kg resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in body weight (?33.8% and ?19.5%, respectively) and significant improvement in coordination and endurance (Rota-rod: 80.1 ± 4.2 sec and 89.3 ± 3.8 sec; Activity wheel: 98 ± 5.1 and 110 ± 4.4 revolutions, p < 0.05 to p < 0.01 vs. HFD). The 200 mg/kg dose exhibited comparable efficacy to Simvastatin in restoring both metabolic and muscular parameters. Terminalia bellerica demonstrated significant anti-hyperlipidemic and skeletal muscle relaxant activity in HFD-induced obese mice, likely through AMPK–PPAR-?–HMG-CoA reductase axis modulation. The findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic for obesity-linked metabolic and muscular disorders.
Keywords
Terminalia bellerica, Anti-hyperlipidemic, Skeletal muscle relaxant, AMPK, PPAR.
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© The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
