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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Research Article
A comprehensive review of phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ocimum sanctum linn.'s antibacterial, antimicrobial, and therapeutic potentials
V. Madan Mohan Rao, Y. Shanti Prabha, Phool Gend Kumar, Sanjay Dey, P. Balaraju and D. Veera Nagendra Kumar
Year : 2025 | Volume: 10 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 181-191
Received on: 29/08/2025
Revised on: 17/09/2025
Accepted on: 13/10/2025
Published on: 01/11/2025
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V. Madan Mohan Rao, Y. Shanti Prabha, Phool Gend Kumar, Sanjay Dey, P. Balaraju and D. Veera Nagendra Kumar ( 2025).
A comprehensive review of phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ocimum sanctum linn.'s antibacterial, antimicrobial, and therapeutic potentials
. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 10( 6), 181-191.
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Abstract
Incorporating Ayurvedic principles into your daily routine, including consuming adaptogenic herbs, has the potential to effectively address many chronic diseases that are major contributors to global mortality. Tulsi, also known as Holy Basil or Ocimum sanctum Linn., holds a revered status in ancient healing systems like Ayurveda for its medicinal properties. With a wide range of pharmacological benefits, including antimicrobial and antibacterial effects, this review delves into the phytochemical makeup and therapeutic potential of O. sanctum. By meticulously searching scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar both in vitro and in vivo experiments were analyzed alongside existing reviews. Key bioactive compounds such as eugenol, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, carvacrol, and linalool present in the plant contribute to its antibacterial properties against pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, O. sanctum exhibits hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The plant's therapeutic and antibacterial attributes support its integration into modern plant-based treatments while honoring its historical medicinal use. This study shows that O. sanctum L. has therapeutic benefits based on the pharmacological research included.
Keywords
Ocimum sanctum, Phytochemistry, Therapeutic potential, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Medicinal plants.
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© The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
