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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Review Article
Holistic care for cardiac patients: Integrating mental health interventions
Rahul Tiwari, Yaiphakonbi Dharmesh Contractor, Charlote Ranadive, Suman Vashist, Harshada Joshi, Chauhan Khyatiben Rameshbhai, Farzana Begum
Year : 2026 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 287-295
Received on: 11/01/2026
Revised on: 27/01/2026
Accepted on: 25/02/2026
Published on: 01/03/2026
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Rahul Tiwari, Yaiphakonbi Dharmesh Contractor, Charlote Ranadive, Suman Vashist, Harshada Joshi, Chauhan Khyatiben Rameshbhai, Farzana Begum( 2026).
Holistic care for cardiac patients: Integrating mental health interventions
. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 11( 2), 287-295.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the foremost cause of death and disability worldwide, responsible for nearly 19.4 million deaths annually and affecting more than 612 million individuals. Despite advances in biomedical interventions, the psychosocial dimensions of cardiac illness particularly depression, anxiety, and chronic stress are often overlooked. Evidence shows that 20–40% of cardiac patients experience significant mental health disorders, which negatively impact adherence to treatment, participation in rehabilitation, and long term survival. The dual burden of CVD and mental illness creates a cycle in which psychological distress exacerbates cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, while cardiac illness itself precipitates mental health challenges. This review synthesizes global data and current evidence to emphasize the necessity of integrating mental health interventions into cardiac care. Using a structured methodology guided by PRISMA standards, peer reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2025 was analyzed. Findings reveal that interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR), structured counseling, and group therapy significantly improve resilience, reduce depressive symptoms, and foster adherence to lifestyle modifications. Pharmacological support, when carefully monitored, complements these approaches. Digital health innovations, including tele counseling and mobile applications, expand access to psychosocial care, particularly in low resource settings. Several integrated models have emerged globally. Collaborative care models ensure multidisciplinary management of physical and psychological needs, lifestyle medicine integration promotes sustainable behavioral change, digital health empowers self management, and community based approaches leverage social support to reduce isolation. Despite challenges such as stigma, workforce shortages, and fragmented systems, holistic care remains essential for improving survival, reducing hospitalizations, and enhancing quality of life.
Keywords
Cardiovascular disease, Holistic care, Mental health interventions, Depression, Anxiety.
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© The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
