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International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Research Article

Formulation and evaluation of ramipril transdermal patches for controlled drug delivery in hypertension

A. Pavan Kumar, C.S.Parameswari, B.V.Ramana

Year : 2026 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 134-142

doi: https://doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2026.v11.i02.019

Received on: 29/12/2025

Revised on: 13/01/2026

Accepted on: 17/02/2026

Published on: 01/03/2026

  • A. Pavan Kumar, C.S.Parameswari, B.V.Ramana( 2026).

    Formulation and evaluation of ramipril transdermal patches for controlled drug delivery in hypertension

    . International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 11( 2), 134-142.

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Abstract

The present study was undertaken to formulate and evaluate transdermal patches of Ramipril for improved bioavailability and prolonged antihypertensive effect. Ramipril, an ACE inhibitor, undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism resulting in low oral bioavailability. Transdermal drug delivery offers an alternative route to bypass hepatic metabolism and provide sustained plasma drug levels. Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent casting method using various polymers including HPMC E15, Aloe vera powder, Sodium CMC, and Eudragit RS 100 with suitable plasticizers and permeation enhancers. The prepared formulations were evaluated for thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance, surface pH, swelling index, drug content, adhesion strength, in vitro diffusion studies, and release kinetics. Among all formulations, F22 (HPMC E15 and Eudragit RS 100 combination) showed optimum adhesion strength (19.6±0.5 g), in vitro residence time (6.0±0.14 hrs), satisfactory surface pH, controlled swelling index, and sustained drug release for 8 hours. Drug release followed diffusion-controlled kinetics. The study concludes that Ramipril transdermal patches can effectively enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance in hypertension management.

Keywords

Ramipril, Transdermal patch, Hypertension, Solvent casting, HPMC E15, Eudragit RS 100.

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    © The Author(s) 2025. This article is published by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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