International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences
Volume (1) - Issue (2), 2016 pp 118-129
Title
Adulticidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Chomelia asiatica Linn. (Family: Rubiaceae) against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae)
Author
Udaiyan Muthukumaran, Marimuthu Govindarajan, Mohan Rajeswary, Kaliyan Veerakumar A. Amsath and K. Muthukumaravel
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases caused by mosquitoes are one of the major economic and health problems in many countries. Vector control methods involving use of chemical insecticides are becoming less effective due to the development of insecticides resistance, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain, and adverse effects on environmental quality and nontarget organisms including human health. Today, nanotechnology is a promising research domain which has a wide ranging application in vector control programs. In the present study, the mosquito adulticidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Chomelia asiatica plant extract against three important adult female mosquitoes of Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus was determined. Range of concentrations of synthesized AgNPs (12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 ppm) and leaf extract (70, 140, 210, 280, and 350 ppm) were tested against the adult mosquito of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. AgNPs were rapidly synthesized using the leaf extract of C. asiatica, and the formation of nanoparticles was observed within 6 h. The results were recorded from UV visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X- ray diffraction (XRD) analysis support the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs. The maximum efficacy was observed in synthesized AgNPs against the adult of An. stephensi (lethal dose) (LD50=26.60 ?g/mL; LD90= 48.34 ?g/mL), Ae. aegypti (LD50=29.16 ?g/mL; LD90= 52.84 ?g/mL), and Cx. quinquefasciatus (LD50=32.23 ?g/ mL; LD90=58.24 ?g/mL) respectively. No mortality was observed in the control. These results suggest that the leaf extracts of C. asiatica and green synthesis of AgNPs have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti, and Cx. quinquefasciatus. This is the first report on the adulticidal activity of the plant extracts and AgNPs.
Keywords
Green synthesis, Adulticidal activity, Chomelia asiatica, AgNPs, Mosquitoes.
Article History
Received on 26/04/2016, Accepted on 22/04/2016, Published on 30/04/2016
